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Calea Ferată din Moldova (abbreviated as ''CFM'') is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country. The total length of the network managed by CFM (as of 2009) is 1232 km, of which 1218 km are (broad gauge), and 14 km are (standard gauge). The entire network is single track and is not electrified. It borders the Romanian railway network, with a / break-of-gauge in the west, and the Ukrainian one in the east. ''Calea Ferată din Moldova'' (literally ″Moldovan Railways″ in Romanian) came into existence in 1991 as the successor to the former MŽD, a subdivision of SŽD, the Railway system of the Soviet Union. ==History== In 1844, Governor-General of Novorossiya and Bessarabia Count Mikhail Vorontsov has developed a project of a railway, connecting Odessa and Parcani village by the Dniester. Odessa- Kiev railway company proposed to connect Odessa and Kiev with a branch to Parcani via Tiraspol. According to the decree of Nikolay I, the construction was sponsored by the government funds. In 1871 a bridge over the Dniester was constructed. On August 28, 1871, the railway linking Tiraspol with Chişinău was officially opened. This date is recognized as the date of establishment of Moldovan Railways. The line, connecting Bessarabia to the Black Sea and the railway network of Ukraine and Russia became the basis for the future development. On a Russian diplomat agent, Ivan Alekseevich Zinov'ev and the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Gheorghe Costaforu signed a rail junction convention, which was ratified on .〔Frederick Kellog, The road to Romanian independence, 1995, p.84〕 On June 1, 1875, the line Chişinău-Corneşti-Ungheni was opened (the Chişinău-Corneşti railway was built between 1871 and 1873) and connection to Romania was established. The Eiffel Bridge was opened on , just three days before the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). In the first months of the war the Tighina-Basarabeasca-Reni-Giurgiuleşti line was hastily built; it opened in November 1877. In 1893-1894 the Lipcani-Ocniţa-Otaci, Ocniţa-Bălţi and Bălţi-Floreşti-Râbniţa-Cobasna lines started operation. During World War I the Bălţi-Ungheni section was built. In the early 1920s, as Moldova had united with Romania, the tracks were converted to standard gauge. In the interwar years the Basarabeasca-Cantemir and Revaca-Căinari lines appeared. After World War II Moldova became part of the Soviet Union and the rail network reverted to broad gauge. During the Soviet era the Cantemir-Cahul line was built (1971). In 2004, all property in Transnistria has been taken over by the newly formed Transnistrian Railway (PŽD, Pridnyestrovskaja železnaja doroga). In 2005, the Revaca-Căinari railway was reconstructed (it was destroyed in 1944) to bypass Transnistrian controlled Bender and reconnect the southern lines with the main network. In 2007-2008 the Cahul-Giurgiuleşti line was constructed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Calea Ferată din Moldova」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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